mirror of
https://github.com/awesome-skills/code-review-skill.git
synced 2026-03-22 02:19:32 +08:00
feat: Add Java 17+ and Spring Boot 3 code review guide
- Create `reference/java.md` with guidelines for modern Java (Records, Switch, Text Blocks), Spring Boot 3 (DI, Configuration), JPA (Performance, N+1), and Concurrency (Virtual Threads). - Update `SKILL.md` to register the Java guide for on-demand loading. - Update `README.md` to include Java in supported languages and key topics.
This commit is contained in:
28
README.md
28
README.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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## English
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> A modular code review skill for Claude Code, covering React 19, Vue 3, Rust, TypeScript, Python, CSS/Less/Sass, architecture design, and performance optimization.
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> A modular code review skill for Claude Code, covering React 19, Vue 3, Rust, TypeScript, Java, Python, CSS/Less/Sass, architecture design, and performance optimization.
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[](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
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This is a Claude Code skill designed to help developers conduct effective code reviews. It provides:
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- **Language-specific patterns** for React 19, Vue 3, Rust, TypeScript/JavaScript, Python
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- **Language-specific patterns** for React 19, Vue 3, Rust, TypeScript/JavaScript, Java, Python
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- **Modern framework support** including React Server Components, TanStack Query v5, Suspense & Streaming
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- **Comprehensive checklists** for security, performance, and code quality
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- **Best practices** for giving constructive feedback
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@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ This is a Claude Code skill designed to help developers conduct effective code r
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| **Vue 3** | Composition API, reactivity system, defineProps/defineEmits, watch cleanup |
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| **Rust** | Ownership & borrowing, unsafe code review, async/await, error handling (thiserror vs anyhow) |
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| **TypeScript** | Type safety, async/await patterns, common pitfalls |
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| **Java** | Java 17/21 features (Records, Switch), Spring Boot 3, Virtual Threads, Stream API best practices |
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| **Go** | Error handling, goroutines/channels, context propagation, interface design, testing patterns |
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| **CSS/Less/Sass** | CSS variables, !important usage, performance optimization, responsive design, browser compatibility |
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| **TanStack Query** | v5 best practices, queryOptions, useSuspenseQuery, optimistic updates |
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@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ This is a Claude Code skill designed to help developers conduct effective code r
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| **reference/vue.md** | ~920 | Vue 3.5 patterns + Composition API (on-demand) |
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| **reference/rust.md** | ~840 | Rust async/ownership/cancellation safety (on-demand) |
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| **reference/typescript.md** | ~540 | TypeScript generics/strict mode/ESLint (on-demand) |
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| **reference/java.md** | ~800 | Java 17/21 & Spring Boot 3 patterns (on-demand) |
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| **reference/python.md** | ~1070 | Python async/typing/pytest (on-demand) |
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| **reference/go.md** | ~990 | Go goroutines/channels/context/interfaces (on-demand) |
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| **reference/css-less-sass.md** | ~660 | CSS/Less/Sass variables/performance/responsive (on-demand) |
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@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ code-review-skill/
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│ ├── vue.md # Vue 3 patterns (on-demand)
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│ ├── rust.md # Rust patterns (on-demand)
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│ ├── typescript.md # TypeScript/JS patterns (on-demand)
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│ ├── java.md # Java patterns (on-demand)
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│ ├── python.md # Python patterns (on-demand)
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│ ├── go.md # Go patterns (on-demand)
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│ ├── css-less-sass.md # CSS/Less/Sass patterns (on-demand)
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@@ -124,6 +127,13 @@ This means reviewing a React PR only loads SKILL.md + react.md, not Vue/Rust/Pyt
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### Key Topics Covered
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#### Java & Spring Boot
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- **Java 17/21 Features**: Records, Pattern Matching for Switch, Text Blocks
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- **Virtual Threads**: High-throughput I/O with Project Loom
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- **Spring Boot 3**: Constructor Injection, `@ConfigurationProperties`, ProblemDetail
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- **JPA Performance**: Solving N+1 problems, correct Entity design (equals/hashCode)
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#### React 19
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- `useActionState` - Unified form state management
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@@ -178,7 +188,7 @@ This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file
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## 中文
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> 一个模块化的 Claude Code 代码审查技能,覆盖 React 19、Vue 3、Rust、TypeScript、Python、CSS/Less/Sass、架构设计和性能优化。
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> 一个模块化的 Claude Code 代码审查技能,覆盖 React 19、Vue 3、Rust、TypeScript、Java、Python、CSS/Less/Sass、架构设计和性能优化。
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[](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
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@@ -186,7 +196,7 @@ This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file
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这是一个为 Claude Code 设计的代码审查技能,旨在帮助开发者进行高效的代码审查。它提供:
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- **语言特定模式**:覆盖 React 19、Vue 3、Rust、TypeScript/JavaScript、Python
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- **语言特定模式**:覆盖 React 19、Vue 3、Rust、TypeScript/JavaScript、Java、Python
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- **现代框架支持**:包括 React Server Components、TanStack Query v5、Suspense & Streaming
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- **全面的检查清单**:安全、性能和代码质量检查
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- **最佳实践**:如何提供建设性的反馈
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@@ -202,6 +212,7 @@ This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file
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| **Vue 3** | Composition API、响应性系统、defineProps/defineEmits、watch 清理 |
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| **Rust** | 所有权与借用、unsafe 代码审查、async/await、错误处理(thiserror vs anyhow) |
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| **TypeScript** | 类型安全、async/await 模式、常见陷阱 |
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| **Java** | Java 17/21 特性(Records, Switch)、Spring Boot 3、虚拟线程、Stream API 最佳实践 |
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| **Go** | 错误处理、goroutine/channel、context 传播、接口设计、测试模式 |
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| **CSS/Less/Sass** | CSS 变量规范、!important 使用、性能优化、响应式设计、浏览器兼容性 |
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| **TanStack Query** | v5 最佳实践、queryOptions、useSuspenseQuery、乐观更新 |
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@@ -217,6 +228,7 @@ This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file
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| **reference/vue.md** | ~920 | Vue 3.5 + Composition API(按需加载)|
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| **reference/rust.md** | ~840 | Rust async/所有权/取消安全性(按需加载)|
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| **reference/typescript.md** | ~540 | TypeScript 泛型/strict 模式/ESLint(按需加载)|
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| **reference/java.md** | ~800 | Java 17/21 & Spring Boot 3 模式(按需加载)|
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| **reference/python.md** | ~1070 | Python async/类型注解/pytest(按需加载)|
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| **reference/go.md** | ~990 | Go goroutine/channel/context/接口(按需加载)|
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| **reference/css-less-sass.md** | ~660 | CSS/Less/Sass 变量/性能/响应式(按需加载)|
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@@ -269,6 +281,7 @@ code-review-skill/
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│ ├── vue.md # Vue 3 模式(按需加载)
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│ ├── rust.md # Rust 模式(按需加载)
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│ ├── typescript.md # TypeScript/JS 模式(按需加载)
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│ ├── java.md # Java 模式(按需加载)
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│ ├── python.md # Python 模式(按需加载)
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│ ├── go.md # Go 模式(按需加载)
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│ ├── css-less-sass.md # CSS/Less/Sass 模式(按需加载)
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@@ -296,6 +309,13 @@ code-review-skill/
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### 核心内容
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#### Java & Spring Boot
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- **Java 17/21 特性**:Records、Switch 模式匹配、文本块
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- **虚拟线程**:Project Loom 带来的高吞吐量 I/O
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- **Spring Boot 3**:构造器注入、`@ConfigurationProperties`、ProblemDetail
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- **JPA 性能**:解决 N+1 问题、正确的 Entity 设计(equals/hashCode)
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#### React 19
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- `useActionState` - 统一的表单状态管理
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3
SKILL.md
3
SKILL.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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---
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name: code-review-excellence
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description: |
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Provides comprehensive code review guidance for React 19, Vue 3, Rust, TypeScript, and Python.
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Provides comprehensive code review guidance for React 19, Vue 3, Rust, TypeScript, Java, and Python.
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Helps catch bugs, improve code quality, and give constructive feedback.
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Use when: reviewing pull requests, conducting PR reviews, code review, reviewing code changes,
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establishing review standards, mentoring developers, architecture reviews, security audits,
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@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ Use labels to indicate priority:
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| **Rust** | [Rust Guide](reference/rust.md) | 所有权/借用, Unsafe 审查, 异步代码, 错误处理 |
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| **TypeScript** | [TypeScript Guide](reference/typescript.md) | 类型安全, async/await, 不可变性 |
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| **Python** | [Python Guide](reference/python.md) | 可变默认参数, 异常处理, 类属性 |
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| **Java** | [Java Guide](reference/java.md) | Java 17/21 新特性, Spring Boot 3, 虚拟线程, Stream/Optional |
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| **Go** | [Go Guide](reference/go.md) | 错误处理, goroutine/channel, context, 接口设计 |
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| **CSS/Less/Sass** | [CSS Guide](reference/css-less-sass.md) | 变量规范, !important, 性能优化, 响应式, 兼容性 |
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405
reference/java.md
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405
reference/java.md
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# Java Code Review Guide
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Java 审查重点:Java 17/21 新特性、Spring Boot 3 最佳实践、并发编程(虚拟线程)、JPA 性能优化以及代码可维护性。
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## 目录
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- [现代 Java 特性 (17/21+)](#现代-java-特性-1721)
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- [Stream API & Optional](#stream-api--optional)
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- [Spring Boot 最佳实践](#spring-boot-最佳实践)
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- [JPA 与 数据库性能](#jpa-与-数据库性能)
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- [并发与虚拟线程](#并发与虚拟线程)
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- [Lombok 使用规范](#lombok-使用规范)
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- [异常处理](#异常处理)
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- [测试规范](#测试规范)
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- [Review Checklist](#review-checklist)
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---
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## 现代 Java 特性 (17/21+)
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### Record (记录类)
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```java
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// ❌ 传统的 POJO/DTO:样板代码多
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public class UserDto {
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private final String name;
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private final int age;
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public UserDto(String name, int age) {
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this.name = name;
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this.age = age;
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}
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// getters, equals, hashCode, toString...
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}
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// ✅ 使用 Record:简洁、不可变、语义清晰
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public record UserDto(String name, int age) {
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// 紧凑构造函数进行验证
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public UserDto {
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if (age < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Age cannot be negative");
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}
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}
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```
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### Switch 表达式与模式匹配
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```java
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// ❌ 传统的 Switch:容易漏掉 break,不仅冗长且易错
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String type = "";
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switch (obj) {
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case Integer i: // Java 16+
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type = String.format("int %d", i);
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break;
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case String s:
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type = String.format("string %s", s);
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break;
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default:
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type = "unknown";
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}
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// ✅ Switch 表达式:无穿透风险,强制返回值
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String type = switch (obj) {
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case Integer i -> "int %d".formatted(i);
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case String s -> "string %s".formatted(s);
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case null -> "null value"; // Java 21 处理 null
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default -> "unknown";
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};
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```
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### 文本块 (Text Blocks)
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```java
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// ❌ 拼接 SQL/JSON 字符串
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String json = "{\n" +
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" \"name\": \"Alice\",\n" +
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" \"age\": 20\n" +
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"}";
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// ✅ 使用文本块:所见即所得
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String json = """
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{
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"name": "Alice",
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"age": 20
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}
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""";
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```
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---
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## Stream API & Optional
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### 避免滥用 Stream
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```java
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// ❌ 简单的循环不需要 Stream(性能开销 + 可读性差)
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items.stream().forEach(item -> {
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process(item);
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});
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// ✅ 简单场景直接用 for-each
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for (var item : items) {
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process(item);
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}
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// ❌ 极其复杂的 Stream 链
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List<Dto> result = list.stream()
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.filter(...)
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.map(...)
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.peek(...)
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.sorted(...)
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.collect(...); // 难以调试
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// ✅ 拆分为有意义的步骤
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var filtered = list.stream().filter(...).toList();
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// ...
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```
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### Optional 正确用法
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```java
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// ❌ 将 Optional 用作参数或字段(序列化问题,增加调用复杂度)
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public void process(Optional<String> name) { ... }
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public class User {
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private Optional<String> email; // 不推荐
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}
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// ✅ Optional 仅用于返回值
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public Optional<User> findUser(String id) { ... }
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// ❌ 既然用了 Optional 还在用 isPresent() + get()
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Optional<User> userOpt = findUser(id);
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if (userOpt.isPresent()) {
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return userOpt.get().getName();
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} else {
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return "Unknown";
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}
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// ✅ 使用函数式 API
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return findUser(id)
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.map(User::getName)
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.orElse("Unknown");
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```
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---
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## Spring Boot 最佳实践
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### 依赖注入 (DI)
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```java
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// ❌ 字段注入 (@Autowired)
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// 缺点:难以测试(需要反射注入),掩盖了依赖过多的问题,且不可变性差
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@Service
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public class UserService {
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@Autowired
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private UserRepository userRepo;
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}
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// ✅ 构造器注入 (Constructor Injection)
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// 优点:依赖明确,易于单元测试 (Mock),字段可为 final
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@Service
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public class UserService {
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private final UserRepository userRepo;
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public UserService(UserRepository userRepo) {
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this.userRepo = userRepo;
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}
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}
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// 💡 提示:结合 Lombok @RequiredArgsConstructor 可简化代码,但要小心循环依赖
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```
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### 配置管理
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```java
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// ❌ 硬编码配置值
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@Service
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public class PaymentService {
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private String apiKey = "sk_live_12345";
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}
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// ❌ 直接使用 @Value 散落在代码中
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@Value("${app.payment.api-key}")
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private String apiKey;
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// ✅ 使用 @ConfigurationProperties 类型安全配置
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@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app.payment")
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public record PaymentProperties(String apiKey, int timeout, String url) {}
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```
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---
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## JPA 与 数据库性能
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### N+1 查询问题
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```java
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// ❌ FetchType.EAGER 或 循环中触发懒加载
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// Entity 定义
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@Entity
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public class User {
|
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@OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER) // 危险!
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private List<Order> orders;
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}
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// 业务代码
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List<User> users = userRepo.findAll(); // 1 条 SQL
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for (User user : users) {
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// 如果是 Lazy,这里会触发 N 条 SQL
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System.out.println(user.getOrders().size());
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}
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// ✅ 使用 @EntityGraph 或 JOIN FETCH
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@Query("SELECT u FROM User u JOIN FETCH u.orders")
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List<User> findAllWithOrders();
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```
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### 事务管理
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||||
```java
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// ❌ 在 Controller 层开启事务(数据库连接占用时间过长)
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// ❌ 在 private 方法上加 @Transactional(AOP 不生效)
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@Transactional
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private void saveInternal() { ... }
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||||
// ✅ 在 Service 层公共方法加 @Transactional
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// ✅ 读操作显式标记 readOnly = true (性能优化)
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@Service
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public class UserService {
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@Transactional(readOnly = true)
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public User getUser(Long id) { ... }
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@Transactional
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public void createUser(UserDto dto) { ... }
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}
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```
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### Entity 设计
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```java
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// ❌ 在 Entity 中使用 Lombok @Data
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// @Data 生成的 equals/hashCode 包含所有字段,可能触发懒加载导致性能问题或异常
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@Entity
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@Data
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||||
public class User { ... }
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||||
// ✅ 仅使用 @Getter, @Setter
|
||||
// ✅ 自定义 equals/hashCode (通常基于 ID)
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@Entity
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@Getter
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@Setter
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||||
public class User {
|
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@Id
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private Long id;
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||||
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||||
@Override
|
||||
public boolean equals(Object o) {
|
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if (this == o) return true;
|
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if (!(o instanceof User)) return false;
|
||||
return id != null && id.equals(((User) o).id);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public int hashCode() {
|
||||
return getClass().hashCode();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 并发与虚拟线程
|
||||
|
||||
### 虚拟线程 (Java 21+)
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
// ❌ 传统线程池处理大量 I/O 阻塞任务(资源耗尽)
|
||||
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100);
|
||||
|
||||
// ✅ 使用虚拟线程处理 I/O 密集型任务(高吞吐量)
|
||||
// Spring Boot 3.2+ 开启:spring.threads.virtual.enabled=true
|
||||
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor();
|
||||
|
||||
// 在虚拟线程中,阻塞操作(如 DB 查询、HTTP 请求)几乎不消耗 OS 线程资源
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 线程安全
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
// ❌ SimpleDateFormat 是线程不安全的
|
||||
private static final SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
|
||||
|
||||
// ✅ 使用 DateTimeFormatter (Java 8+)
|
||||
private static final DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd");
|
||||
|
||||
// ❌ HashMap 在多线程环境可能死循环或数据丢失
|
||||
// ✅ 使用 ConcurrentHashMap
|
||||
Map<String, String> cache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Lombok 使用规范
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
// ❌ 滥用 @Builder 导致无法强制校验必填字段
|
||||
@Builder
|
||||
public class Order {
|
||||
private String id; // 必填
|
||||
private String note; // 选填
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 调用者可能漏掉 id: Order.builder().note("hi").build();
|
||||
|
||||
// ✅ 关键业务对象建议手动编写 Builder 或构造函数以确保不变量
|
||||
// 或者在 build() 方法中添加校验逻辑 (Lombok @Builder.Default 等)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 异常处理
|
||||
|
||||
### 全局异常处理
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
// ❌ 到处 try-catch 吞掉异常或只打印日志
|
||||
try {
|
||||
userService.create(user);
|
||||
} catch (Exception e) {
|
||||
e.printStackTrace(); // 不应该在生产环境使用
|
||||
// return null; // 吞掉异常,上层不知道发生了什么
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ✅ 自定义异常 + @ControllerAdvice (Spring Boot 3 ProblemDetail)
|
||||
public class UserNotFoundException extends RuntimeException { ... }
|
||||
|
||||
@RestControllerAdvice
|
||||
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
|
||||
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotFoundException.class)
|
||||
public ProblemDetail handleNotFound(UserNotFoundException e) {
|
||||
return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, e.getMessage());
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 测试规范
|
||||
|
||||
### 单元测试 vs 集成测试
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
// ❌ 单元测试依赖真实数据库或外部服务
|
||||
@SpringBootTest // 启动整个 Context,慢
|
||||
public class UserServiceTest { ... }
|
||||
|
||||
// ✅ 单元测试使用 Mockito
|
||||
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
|
||||
class UserServiceTest {
|
||||
@Mock UserRepository repo;
|
||||
@InjectMocks UserService service;
|
||||
|
||||
@Test
|
||||
void shouldCreateUser() { ... }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ✅ 集成测试使用 Testcontainers
|
||||
@Testcontainers
|
||||
@SpringBootTest
|
||||
class UserRepositoryTest {
|
||||
@Container
|
||||
static PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:15");
|
||||
// ...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Review Checklist
|
||||
|
||||
### 基础与规范
|
||||
- [ ] 遵循 Java 17/21 新特性(Switch 表达式, Records, 文本块)
|
||||
- [ ] 避免使用已过时的类(Date, Calendar, SimpleDateFormat)
|
||||
- [ ] 集合操作是否优先使用了 Stream API 或 Collections 方法?
|
||||
- [ ] Optional 仅用于返回值,未用于字段或参数
|
||||
|
||||
### Spring Boot
|
||||
- [ ] 使用构造器注入而非 @Autowired 字段注入
|
||||
- [ ] 配置属性使用了 @ConfigurationProperties
|
||||
- [ ] Controller 职责单一,业务逻辑下沉到 Service
|
||||
- [ ] 全局异常处理使用了 @ControllerAdvice / ProblemDetail
|
||||
|
||||
### 数据库 & 事务
|
||||
- [ ] 读操作事务标记了 `@Transactional(readOnly = true)`
|
||||
- [ ] 检查是否存在 N+1 查询(EAGER fetch 或循环调用)
|
||||
- [ ] Entity 类未使用 @Data,正确实现了 equals/hashCode
|
||||
- [ ] 数据库索引是否覆盖了查询条件
|
||||
|
||||
### 并发与性能
|
||||
- [ ] I/O 密集型任务是否考虑了虚拟线程?
|
||||
- [ ] 线程安全类是否使用正确(ConcurrentHashMap vs HashMap)
|
||||
- [ ] 锁的粒度是否合理?避免在锁内进行 I/O 操作
|
||||
|
||||
### 可维护性
|
||||
- [ ] 关键业务逻辑有充分的单元测试
|
||||
- [ ] 日志记录恰当(使用 Slf4j,避免 System.out)
|
||||
- [ ] 魔法值提取为常量或枚举
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user