diff --git a/enterprise/storage/device_code_store.py b/enterprise/storage/device_code_store.py
index d8c421dd6f..af57e7e64e 100644
--- a/enterprise/storage/device_code_store.py
+++ b/enterprise/storage/device_code_store.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import secrets
 import string
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 
-from sqlalchemy import delete, select
+from sqlalchemy import delete
 from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 from storage.device_code import DeviceCode
 
@@ -182,14 +182,13 @@ class DeviceCodeStore:
         """
         with self.session_maker() as session:
             # Get expired device codes, ordered by oldest first (using ID as proxy for creation order)
-            query = (
-                select(DeviceCode)
-                .where(DeviceCode.expires_at < datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+            expired_codes = (
+                session.query(DeviceCode)
+                .filter(DeviceCode.expires_at < datetime.now(timezone.utc))
                 .order_by(DeviceCode.id.asc())
                 .limit(limit)
+                .all()
             )
-            result = session.execute(query)
-            expired_codes = result.scalars().all()
 
             if not expired_codes:
                 logger.info('No expired device codes found')
diff --git a/enterprise/tests/unit/storage/test_device_code_store.py b/enterprise/tests/unit/storage/test_device_code_store.py
index 75adc0d402..1e82760eb9 100644
--- a/enterprise/tests/unit/storage/test_device_code_store.py
+++ b/enterprise/tests/unit/storage/test_device_code_store.py
@@ -194,17 +194,13 @@ class TestDeviceCodeStore:
 
     def test_cleanup_stale_device_codes_empty(self, device_code_store, mock_session):
         """Test cleanup when no expired device codes exist."""
-        # Mock empty query result using select() pattern
-        mock_scalars = MagicMock()
-        mock_scalars.all.return_value = []
-        mock_result = MagicMock()
-        mock_result.scalars.return_value = mock_scalars
-        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
+        # Mock empty query result
+        mock_session.query.return_value.filter.return_value.order_by.return_value.limit.return_value.all.return_value = []
 
         result = device_code_store.cleanup_stale_device_codes(limit=50)
 
         assert result == 0
-        mock_session.execute.assert_called_once()
+        mock_session.query.assert_called_once_with(DeviceCode)
 
     def test_cleanup_stale_device_codes_with_data(
         self, device_code_store, mock_session
@@ -216,23 +212,21 @@ class TestDeviceCodeStore:
         mock_device2 = MagicMock()
         mock_device2.id = 2
 
-        # Mock query result with 2 expired codes using select() pattern
-        mock_scalars = MagicMock()
-        mock_scalars.all.return_value = [mock_device1, mock_device2]
-        mock_select_result = MagicMock()
-        mock_select_result.scalars.return_value = mock_scalars
+        # Mock query result with 2 expired codes
+        mock_session.query.return_value.filter.return_value.order_by.return_value.limit.return_value.all.return_value = [
+            mock_device1,
+            mock_device2,
+        ]
 
         # Mock the delete execution result
-        mock_delete_result = MagicMock()
-        mock_delete_result.rowcount = 2
-
-        # First execute call returns select result, second returns delete result
-        mock_session.execute.side_effect = [mock_select_result, mock_delete_result]
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.rowcount = 2
+        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
 
         result = device_code_store.cleanup_stale_device_codes(limit=50)
 
         assert result == 2
-        assert mock_session.execute.call_count == 2
+        mock_session.execute.assert_called_once()
         mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
 
     def test_cleanup_stale_device_codes_with_limit(
@@ -242,21 +236,20 @@ class TestDeviceCodeStore:
         # Create mock device codes
         mock_devices = [MagicMock(id=i) for i in range(1, 4)]  # 3 codes
 
-        # Mock query result with 3 expired codes using select() pattern
-        mock_scalars = MagicMock()
-        mock_scalars.all.return_value = mock_devices
-        mock_select_result = MagicMock()
-        mock_select_result.scalars.return_value = mock_scalars
+        # Mock query result with 3 expired codes
+        mock_session.query.return_value.filter.return_value.order_by.return_value.limit.return_value.all.return_value = mock_devices
 
         # Mock the delete execution result
-        mock_delete_result = MagicMock()
-        mock_delete_result.rowcount = 3
-
-        # First execute call returns select result, second returns delete result
-        mock_session.execute.side_effect = [mock_select_result, mock_delete_result]
+        mock_result = MagicMock()
+        mock_result.rowcount = 3
+        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
 
         result = device_code_store.cleanup_stale_device_codes(limit=3)
 
         assert result == 3
-        assert mock_session.execute.call_count == 2
+        mock_session.execute.assert_called_once()
         mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+        # Verify the limit was applied in the query
+        mock_session.query.return_value.filter.return_value.order_by.return_value.limit.assert_called_with(
+            3
+        )