diff --git a/enterprise/integrations/jira/jira_payload.py b/enterprise/integrations/jira/jira_payload.py
index 86032ecd6b..9b0d75ecd0 100644
--- a/enterprise/integrations/jira/jira_payload.py
+++ b/enterprise/integrations/jira/jira_payload.py
@@ -212,8 +212,6 @@ class JiraPayloadParser:
             missing.append('issue.id')
         if not issue_key:
             missing.append('issue.key')
-        if not user_email:
-            missing.append('user.emailAddress')
         if not display_name:
             missing.append('user.displayName')
         if not account_id:
diff --git a/enterprise/server/routes/integration/jira.py b/enterprise/server/routes/integration/jira.py
index 060baa7224..3096734f5d 100644
--- a/enterprise/server/routes/integration/jira.py
+++ b/enterprise/server/routes/integration/jira.py
@@ -308,10 +308,11 @@ async def jira_events(
             logger.info(f'Processing new Jira webhook event: {signature}')
             redis_client.setex(key, 300, '1')
 
-        # Process the webhook
+        # Process the webhook in background after returning response.
+        # Note: For async functions, BackgroundTasks runs them in the same event loop
+        # (not a thread pool), so asyncpg connections work correctly.
         message_payload = {'payload': payload}
         message = Message(source=SourceType.JIRA, message=message_payload)
-
         background_tasks.add_task(jira_manager.receive_message, message)
 
         return JSONResponse({'success': True})
diff --git a/enterprise/server/utils/conversation_callback_utils.py b/enterprise/server/utils/conversation_callback_utils.py
index 9224e686bf..5593448616 100644
--- a/enterprise/server/utils/conversation_callback_utils.py
+++ b/enterprise/server/utils/conversation_callback_utils.py
@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@ import pickle
 from datetime import datetime
 
 from server.logger import logger
+from sqlalchemy import and_, select
 from storage.conversation_callback import (
     CallbackStatus,
     ConversationCallback,
     ConversationCallbackProcessor,
 )
 from storage.conversation_work import ConversationWork
-from storage.database import session_maker
+from storage.database import a_session_maker, session_maker
 from storage.stored_conversation_metadata import StoredConversationMetadata
 
 from openhands.core.config import load_openhands_config
@@ -79,15 +80,16 @@ async def invoke_conversation_callbacks(
         conversation_id: The conversation ID to process callbacks for
         observation: The AgentStateChangedObservation that triggered the callback
     """
-    with session_maker() as session:
-        callbacks = (
-            session.query(ConversationCallback)
-            .filter(
-                ConversationCallback.conversation_id == conversation_id,
-                ConversationCallback.status == CallbackStatus.ACTIVE,
+    async with a_session_maker() as session:
+        result = await session.execute(
+            select(ConversationCallback).filter(
+                and_(
+                    ConversationCallback.conversation_id == conversation_id,
+                    ConversationCallback.status == CallbackStatus.ACTIVE,
+                )
             )
-            .all()
         )
+        callbacks = result.scalars().all()
 
         for callback in callbacks:
             try:
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ async def invoke_conversation_callbacks(
                 callback.status = CallbackStatus.ERROR
                 callback.updated_at = datetime.now()
 
-        session.commit()
+        await session.commit()
 
 
 def update_conversation_metadata(conversation_id: str, content: dict):
diff --git a/enterprise/storage/jira_integration_store.py b/enterprise/storage/jira_integration_store.py
index db353732bb..e1680c94d1 100644
--- a/enterprise/storage/jira_integration_store.py
+++ b/enterprise/storage/jira_integration_store.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Optional
 
-from storage.database import session_maker
+from sqlalchemy import and_, select
+from storage.database import a_session_maker
 from storage.jira_conversation import JiraConversation
 from storage.jira_user import JiraUser
 from storage.jira_workspace import JiraWorkspace
@@ -35,10 +36,10 @@ class JiraIntegrationStore:
             status=status,
         )
 
-        with session_maker() as session:
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
             session.add(workspace)
-            session.commit()
-            session.refresh(workspace)
+            await session.commit()
+            await session.refresh(workspace)
 
         logger.info(f'[Jira] Created workspace {workspace.name}')
         return workspace
@@ -53,11 +54,12 @@ class JiraIntegrationStore:
         status: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> JiraWorkspace:
         """Update an existing Jira workspace with encrypted sensitive data."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
             # Find existing workspace by ID
-            workspace = (
-                session.query(JiraWorkspace).filter(JiraWorkspace.id == id).first()
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraWorkspace).filter(JiraWorkspace.id == id)
             )
+            workspace = result.scalars().first()
 
             if not workspace:
                 raise ValueError(f'Workspace with ID "{id}" not found')
@@ -77,11 +79,11 @@ class JiraIntegrationStore:
             if status is not None:
                 workspace.status = status
 
-            session.commit()
-            session.refresh(workspace)
+            await session.commit()
+            await session.refresh(workspace)
 
-        logger.info(f'[Jira] Updated workspace {workspace.name}')
-        return workspace
+            logger.info(f'[Jira] Updated workspace {workspace.name}')
+            return workspace
 
     async def create_workspace_link(
         self,
@@ -99,10 +101,10 @@ class JiraIntegrationStore:
             status=status,
         )
 
-        with session_maker() as session:
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
             session.add(jira_user)
-            session.commit()
-            session.refresh(jira_user)
+            await session.commit()
+            await session.refresh(jira_user)
 
         logger.info(
             f'[Jira] Created user {jira_user.id} for workspace {jira_workspace_id}'
@@ -111,75 +113,77 @@ class JiraIntegrationStore:
 
     async def get_workspace_by_id(self, workspace_id: int) -> Optional[JiraWorkspace]:
         """Retrieve workspace by ID."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
-            return (
-                session.query(JiraWorkspace)
-                .filter(JiraWorkspace.id == workspace_id)
-                .first()
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraWorkspace).filter(JiraWorkspace.id == workspace_id)
             )
+            return result.scalars().first()
 
     async def get_workspace_by_name(self, workspace_name: str) -> JiraWorkspace | None:
         """Retrieve workspace by name."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
-            return (
-                session.query(JiraWorkspace)
-                .filter(JiraWorkspace.name == workspace_name.lower())
-                .first()
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraWorkspace).filter(
+                    JiraWorkspace.name == workspace_name.lower()
+                )
             )
+            return result.scalars().first()
 
     async def get_user_by_active_workspace(
         self, keycloak_user_id: str
     ) -> Optional[JiraUser]:
         """Get Jira user by Keycloak user ID."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
-            return (
-                session.query(JiraUser)
-                .filter(
-                    JiraUser.keycloak_user_id == keycloak_user_id,
-                    JiraUser.status == 'active',
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraUser).filter(
+                    and_(
+                        JiraUser.keycloak_user_id == keycloak_user_id,
+                        JiraUser.status == 'active',
+                    )
                 )
-                .first()
             )
+            return result.scalars().first()
 
     async def get_user_by_keycloak_id_and_workspace(
         self, keycloak_user_id: str, jira_workspace_id: int
     ) -> Optional[JiraUser]:
         """Get Jira user by Keycloak user ID and workspace ID."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
-            return (
-                session.query(JiraUser)
-                .filter(
-                    JiraUser.keycloak_user_id == keycloak_user_id,
-                    JiraUser.jira_workspace_id == jira_workspace_id,
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraUser).filter(
+                    and_(
+                        JiraUser.keycloak_user_id == keycloak_user_id,
+                        JiraUser.jira_workspace_id == jira_workspace_id,
+                    )
                 )
-                .first()
             )
+            return result.scalars().first()
 
     async def get_active_user(
         self, jira_user_id: str, jira_workspace_id: int
     ) -> Optional[JiraUser]:
         """Get Jira user by Keycloak user ID and workspace ID."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
-            return (
-                session.query(JiraUser)
-                .filter(
-                    JiraUser.jira_user_id == jira_user_id,
-                    JiraUser.jira_workspace_id == jira_workspace_id,
-                    JiraUser.status == 'active',
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraUser).filter(
+                    and_(
+                        JiraUser.jira_user_id == jira_user_id,
+                        JiraUser.jira_workspace_id == jira_workspace_id,
+                        JiraUser.status == 'active',
+                    )
                 )
-                .first()
             )
+            return result.scalars().first()
 
     async def update_user_integration_status(
         self, keycloak_user_id: str, status: str
     ) -> JiraUser:
         """Update Jira user integration status."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
-            jira_user = (
-                session.query(JiraUser)
-                .filter(JiraUser.keycloak_user_id == keycloak_user_id)
-                .first()
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraUser).filter(JiraUser.keycloak_user_id == keycloak_user_id)
             )
+            jira_user = result.scalars().first()
 
             if not jira_user:
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -187,60 +191,61 @@ class JiraIntegrationStore:
                 )
 
             jira_user.status = status
-            session.commit()
-            session.refresh(jira_user)
+            await session.commit()
+            await session.refresh(jira_user)
 
             logger.info(f'[Jira] Updated user {keycloak_user_id} status to {status}')
             return jira_user
 
     async def deactivate_workspace(self, workspace_id: int):
         """Deactivate the workspace and all user links for a given workspace."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
-            users = (
-                session.query(JiraUser)
-                .filter(
-                    JiraUser.jira_workspace_id == workspace_id,
-                    JiraUser.status == 'active',
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraUser).filter(
+                    and_(
+                        JiraUser.jira_workspace_id == workspace_id,
+                        JiraUser.status == 'active',
+                    )
                 )
-                .all()
             )
+            users = result.scalars().all()
 
             for user in users:
                 user.status = 'inactive'
                 session.add(user)
 
-            workspace = (
-                session.query(JiraWorkspace)
-                .filter(JiraWorkspace.id == workspace_id)
-                .first()
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraWorkspace).filter(JiraWorkspace.id == workspace_id)
             )
+            workspace = result.scalars().first()
             if workspace:
                 workspace.status = 'inactive'
                 session.add(workspace)
 
-            session.commit()
+            await session.commit()
 
         logger.info(f'[Jira] Deactivated all user links for workspace {workspace_id}')
 
     async def create_conversation(self, jira_conversation: JiraConversation) -> None:
         """Create a new Jira conversation record."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
             session.add(jira_conversation)
-            session.commit()
+            await session.commit()
 
     async def get_user_conversations_by_issue_id(
         self, issue_id: str, jira_user_id: int
     ) -> JiraConversation | None:
         """Get a Jira conversation by issue ID and jira user ID."""
-        with session_maker() as session:
-            return (
-                session.query(JiraConversation)
-                .filter(
-                    JiraConversation.issue_id == issue_id,
-                    JiraConversation.jira_user_id == jira_user_id,
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(JiraConversation).filter(
+                    and_(
+                        JiraConversation.issue_id == issue_id,
+                        JiraConversation.jira_user_id == jira_user_id,
+                    )
                 )
-                .first()
             )
+            return result.scalars().first()
 
     @classmethod
     def get_instance(cls) -> JiraIntegrationStore:
diff --git a/enterprise/storage/saas_conversation_store.py b/enterprise/storage/saas_conversation_store.py
index 7e43dfe471..7eb4919ad9 100644
--- a/enterprise/storage/saas_conversation_store.py
+++ b/enterprise/storage/saas_conversation_store.py
@@ -234,6 +234,10 @@ class SaasConversationStore(ConversationStore):
         cls, config: OpenHandsConfig, user_id: str | None
     ) -> ConversationStore:
         # user_id should not be None in SaaS, should we raise?
-        user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
+        # Use sync version because this method can be called from call_async_from_sync
+        # (e.g., from _create_conversation_update_callback in standalone_conversation_manager.py)
+        # which creates a new event loop. Using async DB operations in that context would
+        # cause asyncpg connection errors since connections are tied to the original event loop.
+        user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(user_id)
         org_id = user.current_org_id if user else None
         return SaasConversationStore(str(user_id), org_id, session_maker)
diff --git a/enterprise/tests/unit/integrations/jira/test_jira_payload.py b/enterprise/tests/unit/integrations/jira/test_jira_payload.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f1a8deb7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/enterprise/tests/unit/integrations/jira/test_jira_payload.py
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+"""
+Tests for JiraPayloadParser.
+
+These tests verify the parsing behavior of Jira webhook payloads,
+including the handling of optional fields like user_email which
+may not be present in webhook payloads from Jira.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from integrations.jira.jira_payload import (
+    JiraEventType,
+    JiraPayloadError,
+    JiraPayloadParser,
+    JiraPayloadSkipped,
+    JiraPayloadSuccess,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def parser():
+    """Create a JiraPayloadParser with standard OpenHands labels."""
+    return JiraPayloadParser(oh_label='openhands', inline_oh_label='@openhands')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def valid_label_payload():
+    """Create a valid jira:issue_updated payload with OpenHands label."""
+    return {
+        'webhookEvent': 'jira:issue_updated',
+        'issue': {
+            'id': '12345',
+            'key': 'TEST-123',
+            'self': 'https://test.atlassian.net/rest/api/2/issue/12345',
+        },
+        'user': {
+            'displayName': 'Test User',
+            'accountId': 'account-123',
+            'emailAddress': 'test@example.com',
+        },
+        'changelog': {
+            'items': [
+                {
+                    'field': 'labels',
+                    'toString': 'openhands',
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def valid_comment_payload():
+    """Create a valid comment_created payload with OpenHands mention."""
+    return {
+        'webhookEvent': 'comment_created',
+        'issue': {
+            'id': '12345',
+            'key': 'TEST-123',
+            'self': 'https://test.atlassian.net/rest/api/2/issue/12345',
+        },
+        'comment': {
+            'body': '@openhands please fix this bug',
+            'author': {
+                'displayName': 'Test User',
+                'accountId': 'account-123',
+                'emailAddress': 'test@example.com',
+            },
+        },
+    }
+
+
+class TestUserEmailOptional:
+    """Tests verifying user_email is optional in webhook payloads.
+
+    Jira webhooks may not include emailAddress in the user data.
+    The parser should accept payloads without this field.
+    """
+
+    def test_label_event_succeeds_without_email_address(
+        self, parser, valid_label_payload
+    ):
+        """Verify label event parsing succeeds when emailAddress is missing."""
+        # Arrange - remove emailAddress from user data
+        del valid_label_payload['user']['emailAddress']
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadSuccess)
+        assert result.payload.user_email == ''
+        assert result.payload.display_name == 'Test User'
+        assert result.payload.account_id == 'account-123'
+
+    def test_comment_event_succeeds_without_email_address(
+        self, parser, valid_comment_payload
+    ):
+        """Verify comment event parsing succeeds when emailAddress is missing."""
+        # Arrange - remove emailAddress from author data
+        del valid_comment_payload['comment']['author']['emailAddress']
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_comment_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadSuccess)
+        assert result.payload.user_email == ''
+        assert result.payload.display_name == 'Test User'
+        assert result.payload.account_id == 'account-123'
+
+    def test_user_email_preserved_when_present(self, parser, valid_label_payload):
+        """Verify user_email is captured when emailAddress is present."""
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadSuccess)
+        assert result.payload.user_email == 'test@example.com'
+
+
+class TestRequiredFieldValidation:
+    """Tests verifying required fields are still validated."""
+
+    def test_missing_issue_id_returns_error(self, parser, valid_label_payload):
+        """Verify parsing fails when issue.id is missing."""
+        # Arrange
+        del valid_label_payload['issue']['id']
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadError)
+        assert 'issue.id' in result.error
+
+    def test_missing_issue_key_returns_error(self, parser, valid_label_payload):
+        """Verify parsing fails when issue.key is missing."""
+        # Arrange
+        del valid_label_payload['issue']['key']
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadError)
+        assert 'issue.key' in result.error
+
+    def test_missing_display_name_returns_error(self, parser, valid_label_payload):
+        """Verify parsing fails when user.displayName is missing."""
+        # Arrange
+        del valid_label_payload['user']['displayName']
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadError)
+        assert 'displayName' in result.error
+
+    def test_missing_account_id_returns_error(self, parser, valid_label_payload):
+        """Verify parsing fails when user.accountId is missing."""
+        # Arrange
+        del valid_label_payload['user']['accountId']
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadError)
+        assert 'accountId' in result.error
+
+    def test_missing_issue_self_url_returns_error(self, parser, valid_label_payload):
+        """Verify parsing fails when issue.self URL is missing."""
+        # Arrange
+        del valid_label_payload['issue']['self']
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadError)
+        assert 'workspace_name' in result.error or 'base_api_url' in result.error
+
+
+class TestEventTypeDetection:
+    """Tests for webhook event type detection."""
+
+    def test_issue_updated_with_label_returns_labeled_ticket(
+        self, parser, valid_label_payload
+    ):
+        """Verify jira:issue_updated with label is detected as LABELED_TICKET."""
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadSuccess)
+        assert result.payload.event_type == JiraEventType.LABELED_TICKET
+
+    def test_comment_created_with_mention_returns_comment_mention(
+        self, parser, valid_comment_payload
+    ):
+        """Verify comment_created with mention is detected as COMMENT_MENTION."""
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_comment_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadSuccess)
+        assert result.payload.event_type == JiraEventType.COMMENT_MENTION
+
+    def test_unhandled_event_type_returns_skipped(self, parser):
+        """Verify unknown event types are skipped."""
+        # Arrange
+        payload = {'webhookEvent': 'jira:issue_deleted'}
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadSkipped)
+        assert 'Unhandled' in result.skip_reason
+
+
+class TestLabelFiltering:
+    """Tests for OpenHands label filtering."""
+
+    def test_label_event_without_openhands_label_skipped(
+        self, parser, valid_label_payload
+    ):
+        """Verify label events without OpenHands label are skipped."""
+        # Arrange - change label to something else
+        valid_label_payload['changelog']['items'][0]['toString'] = 'other-label'
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadSkipped)
+        assert 'openhands' in result.skip_reason
+
+
+class TestCommentFiltering:
+    """Tests for OpenHands comment mention filtering."""
+
+    def test_comment_without_mention_skipped(self, parser, valid_comment_payload):
+        """Verify comments without OpenHands mention are skipped."""
+        # Arrange - remove mention from comment body
+        valid_comment_payload['comment']['body'] = 'Please fix this bug'
+
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_comment_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadSkipped)
+        assert '@openhands' in result.skip_reason
+
+
+class TestWorkspaceExtraction:
+    """Tests for workspace name extraction from issue URL."""
+
+    def test_workspace_name_extracted_from_self_url(self, parser, valid_label_payload):
+        """Verify workspace name is extracted from issue self URL."""
+        # Act
+        result = parser.parse(valid_label_payload)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert isinstance(result, JiraPayloadSuccess)
+        assert result.payload.workspace_name == 'test.atlassian.net'
+        assert result.payload.base_api_url == 'https://test.atlassian.net'
diff --git a/enterprise/tests/unit/server/test_conversation_callback_utils.py b/enterprise/tests/unit/server/test_conversation_callback_utils.py
index 128f2d82d2..2445b6a7da 100644
--- a/enterprise/tests/unit/server/test_conversation_callback_utils.py
+++ b/enterprise/tests/unit/server/test_conversation_callback_utils.py
@@ -399,3 +399,135 @@ class TestUpdateActiveWorkingSeconds:
             assert conversation_work.seconds == 23.0
             assert conversation_work.conversation_id == conversation_id
             assert conversation_work.user_id == user_id
+
+
+class TestInvokeConversationCallbacks:
+    """Tests for invoke_conversation_callbacks function.
+
+    This function uses async database sessions (a_session_maker) to query
+    and invoke callbacks for a conversation.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def mock_observation(self):
+        """Create a mock AgentStateChangedObservation."""
+
+        observation = Mock(spec=AgentStateChangedObservation)
+        observation.agent_state = AgentState.FINISHED
+        return observation
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def create_mock_async_session(self):
+        """Factory to create properly mocked async session context manager."""
+        from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+        from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
+
+        def _create(callbacks_list):
+            mock_session = Mock()
+            mock_result = Mock()
+            mock_result.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = callbacks_list
+            mock_session.execute = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_result)
+            mock_session.commit = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+
+            @asynccontextmanager
+            async def mock_context_manager():
+                yield mock_session
+
+            return mock_context_manager, mock_session
+
+        return _create
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_invoke_callbacks_with_active_callbacks(
+        self, mock_observation, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test that active callbacks are invoked successfully."""
+        from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
+
+        # Arrange
+        conversation_id = 'test_conversation_callbacks'
+        mock_processor = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+
+        # Create a mock callback
+        mock_callback = Mock()
+        mock_callback.id = 1
+        mock_callback.processor_type = 'test_processor'
+        mock_callback.get_processor.return_value = mock_processor
+
+        mock_context_manager, mock_session = create_mock_async_session([mock_callback])
+
+        # Act
+        with patch(
+            'server.utils.conversation_callback_utils.a_session_maker',
+            mock_context_manager,
+        ):
+            from server.utils.conversation_callback_utils import (
+                invoke_conversation_callbacks,
+            )
+
+            await invoke_conversation_callbacks(conversation_id, mock_observation)
+
+        # Assert
+        mock_callback.get_processor.assert_called_once()
+        mock_processor.assert_called_once_with(mock_callback, mock_observation)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_invoke_callbacks_with_no_active_callbacks(
+        self, mock_observation, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test behavior when no active callbacks exist."""
+        # Arrange
+        conversation_id = 'test_no_callbacks'
+
+        mock_context_manager, mock_session = create_mock_async_session([])
+
+        # Act
+        with patch(
+            'server.utils.conversation_callback_utils.a_session_maker',
+            mock_context_manager,
+        ):
+            from server.utils.conversation_callback_utils import (
+                invoke_conversation_callbacks,
+            )
+
+            await invoke_conversation_callbacks(conversation_id, mock_observation)
+
+        # Assert - should complete without errors
+        mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_invoke_callbacks_handles_processor_exception(
+        self, mock_observation, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test that processor exceptions are caught and callback status is updated."""
+        from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
+
+        # Arrange
+        conversation_id = 'test_callback_error'
+        mock_processor = AsyncMock(side_effect=Exception('Processor error'))
+
+        mock_callback = Mock()
+        mock_callback.id = 1
+        mock_callback.processor_type = 'failing_processor'
+        mock_callback.get_processor.return_value = mock_processor
+        mock_callback.status = 'active'
+
+        mock_context_manager, mock_session = create_mock_async_session([mock_callback])
+
+        # Act
+        with patch(
+            'server.utils.conversation_callback_utils.a_session_maker',
+            mock_context_manager,
+        ), patch('server.utils.conversation_callback_utils.logger') as mock_logger:
+            from server.utils.conversation_callback_utils import (
+                invoke_conversation_callbacks,
+            )
+            from storage.conversation_callback import CallbackStatus
+
+            await invoke_conversation_callbacks(conversation_id, mock_observation)
+
+            # Assert - callback status should be set to ERROR
+            assert mock_callback.status == CallbackStatus.ERROR
+            mock_logger.error.assert_called_once()
+            error_call = mock_logger.error.call_args
+            assert error_call[0][0] == 'callback_invocation_failed'
diff --git a/enterprise/tests/unit/storage/test_jira_integration_store.py b/enterprise/tests/unit/storage/test_jira_integration_store.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3420c3f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/enterprise/tests/unit/storage/test_jira_integration_store.py
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+"""
+Tests for JiraIntegrationStore async methods.
+
+The store uses async database sessions (a_session_maker) for all operations,
+which is critical for avoiding asyncpg event loop issues when called from
+FastAPI async endpoints.
+"""
+
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from storage.jira_integration_store import JiraIntegrationStore
+from storage.jira_user import JiraUser
+from storage.jira_workspace import JiraWorkspace
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def store():
+    """Create a JiraIntegrationStore instance."""
+    return JiraIntegrationStore()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def create_mock_async_session():
+    """Factory to create properly mocked async session context manager."""
+
+    def _create(query_result=None, all_results=None):
+        mock_session = Mock()
+        mock_result = Mock()
+
+        if all_results is not None:
+            mock_result.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = all_results
+        else:
+            mock_result.scalars.return_value.first.return_value = query_result
+
+        mock_session.execute = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_result)
+        mock_session.add = Mock()
+        mock_session.commit = AsyncMock()
+        mock_session.refresh = AsyncMock()
+
+        @asynccontextmanager
+        async def mock_context_manager():
+            yield mock_session
+
+        return mock_context_manager, mock_session
+
+    return _create
+
+
+class TestJiraIntegrationStoreAsyncMethods:
+    """Tests verifying JiraIntegrationStore methods use async sessions correctly."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_workspace_by_id_returns_workspace(
+        self, store, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test get_workspace_by_id returns workspace when found."""
+        # Arrange
+        mock_workspace = Mock(spec=JiraWorkspace)
+        mock_workspace.id = 1
+        mock_workspace.name = 'test-workspace'
+
+        mock_context_manager, mock_session = create_mock_async_session(mock_workspace)
+
+        # Act
+        with patch(
+            'storage.jira_integration_store.a_session_maker', mock_context_manager
+        ):
+            result = await store.get_workspace_by_id(1)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result == mock_workspace
+        mock_session.execute.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_workspace_by_id_returns_none_when_not_found(
+        self, store, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test get_workspace_by_id returns None when workspace not found."""
+        # Arrange
+        mock_context_manager, mock_session = create_mock_async_session(None)
+
+        # Act
+        with patch(
+            'storage.jira_integration_store.a_session_maker', mock_context_manager
+        ):
+            result = await store.get_workspace_by_id(999)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_workspace_by_name_normalizes_to_lowercase(
+        self, store, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test get_workspace_by_name converts name to lowercase for query."""
+        # Arrange
+        mock_workspace = Mock(spec=JiraWorkspace)
+        mock_workspace.name = 'test-workspace'
+
+        mock_context_manager, mock_session = create_mock_async_session(mock_workspace)
+
+        # Act
+        with patch(
+            'storage.jira_integration_store.a_session_maker', mock_context_manager
+        ):
+            result = await store.get_workspace_by_name('TEST-WORKSPACE')
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result == mock_workspace
+        # Verify the query was executed (filter includes lowercase conversion)
+        mock_session.execute.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_active_user_filters_by_status(
+        self, store, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test get_active_user only returns users with active status."""
+        # Arrange
+        mock_user = Mock(spec=JiraUser)
+        mock_user.jira_user_id = 'jira-123'
+        mock_user.jira_workspace_id = 1
+        mock_user.status = 'active'
+
+        mock_context_manager, mock_session = create_mock_async_session(mock_user)
+
+        # Act
+        with patch(
+            'storage.jira_integration_store.a_session_maker', mock_context_manager
+        ):
+            result = await store.get_active_user('jira-123', 1)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result == mock_user
+        mock_session.execute.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_create_workspace_adds_and_commits(
+        self, store, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test create_workspace properly adds, commits, and refreshes."""
+        # Arrange
+        mock_context_manager, mock_session = create_mock_async_session(None)
+
+        # Act
+        with patch(
+            'storage.jira_integration_store.a_session_maker', mock_context_manager
+        ):
+            await store.create_workspace(
+                name='TEST-WORKSPACE',
+                jira_cloud_id='cloud-123',
+                admin_user_id='admin-user',
+                encrypted_webhook_secret='encrypted-secret',
+                svc_acc_email='svc@test.com',
+                encrypted_svc_acc_api_key='encrypted-key',
+                status='active',
+            )
+
+        # Assert
+        mock_session.add.assert_called_once()
+        mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+        mock_session.refresh.assert_called_once()
+
+        # Verify workspace was created with lowercase name
+        added_workspace = mock_session.add.call_args[0][0]
+        assert added_workspace.name == 'test-workspace'
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_update_user_integration_status_raises_if_not_found(
+        self, store, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test update_user_integration_status raises ValueError if user not found."""
+        # Arrange
+        mock_context_manager, mock_session = create_mock_async_session(None)
+
+        # Act & Assert
+        with patch(
+            'storage.jira_integration_store.a_session_maker', mock_context_manager
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+                await store.update_user_integration_status('unknown-user', 'inactive')
+
+            assert 'Jira user not found' in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_deactivate_workspace_deactivates_all_users(
+        self, store, create_mock_async_session
+    ):
+        """Test deactivate_workspace sets all users and workspace to inactive."""
+        # Arrange
+        mock_user1 = Mock(spec=JiraUser)
+        mock_user1.status = 'active'
+        mock_user2 = Mock(spec=JiraUser)
+        mock_user2.status = 'active'
+
+        mock_workspace = Mock(spec=JiraWorkspace)
+        mock_workspace.status = 'active'
+
+        mock_session = Mock()
+
+        # First execute returns users, second returns workspace
+        call_count = [0]
+
+        def execute_side_effect(*args, **kwargs):
+            result = Mock()
+            if call_count[0] == 0:
+                result.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = [mock_user1, mock_user2]
+            else:
+                result.scalars.return_value.first.return_value = mock_workspace
+            call_count[0] += 1
+            return result
+
+        mock_session.execute = AsyncMock(side_effect=execute_side_effect)
+        mock_session.add = Mock()
+        mock_session.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+        @asynccontextmanager
+        async def mock_context_manager():
+            yield mock_session
+
+        # Act
+        with patch(
+            'storage.jira_integration_store.a_session_maker', mock_context_manager
+        ):
+            await store.deactivate_workspace(1)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert mock_user1.status == 'inactive'
+        assert mock_user2.status == 'inactive'
+        assert mock_workspace.status == 'inactive'
+        mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
diff --git a/enterprise/tests/unit/test_saas_conversation_store.py b/enterprise/tests/unit/test_saas_conversation_store.py
index f4f9a7afe6..a7d000d0ec 100644
--- a/enterprise/tests/unit/test_saas_conversation_store.py
+++ b/enterprise/tests/unit/test_saas_conversation_store.py
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 from uuid import UUID
 
 import pytest
+from storage.saas_conversation_store import SaasConversationStore
+from storage.user import User
 
+from openhands.core.config.openhands_config import OpenHandsConfig
 from openhands.storage.data_models.conversation_metadata import ConversationMetadata
 
-# Mock the database module before importing
-with patch('storage.database.engine'), patch('storage.database.a_engine'):
-    from storage.saas_conversation_store import SaasConversationStore
-    from storage.user import User
-
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def mock_call_sync_from_async():
@@ -166,3 +164,52 @@ async def test_exists(session_maker):
     assert not await store.exists('exists-test')
     await store.save_metadata(metadata)
     assert await store.exists('exists-test')
+
+
+class TestGetInstance:
+    """Tests for SaasConversationStore.get_instance method.
+
+    The get_instance method uses sync UserStore.get_user_by_id (not async)
+    because it can be called from call_async_from_sync contexts which create
+    a new event loop. Using async DB operations in that context would cause
+    asyncpg connection errors.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_instance_uses_sync_get_user_by_id(self):
+        """Verify get_instance calls the sync get_user_by_id, not async version."""
+        # Arrange
+        user_id = '5594c7b6-f959-4b81-92e9-b09c206f5081'
+        mock_user = MagicMock(spec=User)
+        mock_user.current_org_id = UUID(user_id)
+        mock_config = MagicMock(spec=OpenHandsConfig)
+
+        with patch(
+            'storage.saas_conversation_store.UserStore.get_user_by_id',
+            return_value=mock_user,
+        ) as mock_sync_get_user, patch('storage.saas_conversation_store.session_maker'):
+            # Act
+            store = await SaasConversationStore.get_instance(mock_config, user_id)
+
+            # Assert
+            mock_sync_get_user.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
+            assert store.user_id == user_id
+            assert store.org_id == mock_user.current_org_id
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_instance_handles_none_user(self):
+        """Verify get_instance handles case when user is not found."""
+        # Arrange
+        user_id = '5594c7b6-f959-4b81-92e9-b09c206f5081'
+        mock_config = MagicMock(spec=OpenHandsConfig)
+
+        with patch(
+            'storage.saas_conversation_store.UserStore.get_user_by_id',
+            return_value=None,
+        ), patch('storage.saas_conversation_store.session_maker'):
+            # Act
+            store = await SaasConversationStore.get_instance(mock_config, user_id)
+
+            # Assert
+            assert store.user_id == user_id
+            assert store.org_id is None